Brown Adipose Tissue and the Take (12,13-di)HOME Message to the Heart

HomeCirculationVol. 143, No. 2Brown Adipose Tissue and the Take (12,13-di)HOME Message to Heart Free AccessEditorialPDF/EPUBAboutView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyRedditDiggEmail Jump toFree AccessEditorialPDF/EPUBBrown Ileana Badi, PhD Charalambos Antoniades, MD, BadiIleana Badi Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Oxford, United Kingdom (C.A., I.B.). Search for more papers by this author AntoniadesCharalambos Antoniades PhD, Professor Medicine Acute Vascular Imaging Centre L6 West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, Kingdom. Email E-mail Address: [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6983-5423 Centre, (C.A.). Originally published11 Jan 2021https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.051981Circulation. 2021;143:160–162This article is a commentary on followingA Novel Endocrine Role BAT-Released Lipokine 12,13-diHOME Mediate Cardiac FunctionArticle, see p 145Obesity leads insulin resistance type 2 diabetes well-established cardiovascular risk factor.1 tissue (AT) “biochemical factory” in human body it plays crucial role metabolism; secretes wide range bioactive adipokines/adipocytokines, with endocrine paracrine effects system.2 The location AT major determinant its biological characteristics, evidence suggesting that visceral drives disease, whereas subcutaneous has neutral effect, gluteal considered exert cardioprotective effects.2 biology largely determined not only quantity but also quality function.2 To add complexity biology, can be classified as white (WAT) or brown (BAT) depending metabolic, morphologic, broader phenotype. In humans, WAT most abundant and, besides being responsible energy storage form triglycerides, been proven play regulating secrete molecules affect diseased system signal back AT, modifying function; crosstalk an important disease development.2–6 BAT, which accounts 4.3% total fat mass adults, located interscapular, supraclavicular, mediastinal, paraspinal, suprarenal area, involved expenditure; main site nonshivering thermogenesis. Recent suggests BAT characteristic secretory profile releases “batokines” contribute protective against obesity associated metabolic alterations, such resistance.7 It able consume glucose lipids thermogenesis.7 Although increased activity believed there very little meaningful either heart vascular wall.8,9In issue Circulation, Pinckard colleagues10 unravel beneficial cardiac function demonstrate BAT-secreted lipokine 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-diHOME). This oxidized linoleic derivative released from response cold temperatures exercise,11,12 previous work same group suggested regulates fuel uptake, supporting thermogenic function.11,12 increases fatty uptake mitochondrial oxidation skeletal muscle inversely correlated index resistance.11,12Despite established potential paracrine/endocrine are unclear.13 et al10 observed plasma levels lower patients disease.10 understand lipokine, they used mouse model counteracts adverse high-fat diet remodeling mice. treatment improved hemodynamics acting directly cardiomyocytes’ respiration through mechanism involves nitric oxide synthase 1.10 study shows identifies mediator these effects. first discovery calls further research better nature between humans. Indeed, thorough analysis secretome should carried out find other putative mediators remodeling; would interesting explore presence bidirectional communication system, similar what demonstrated past WAT.2–5There exerts both cardiomyocytes10,12; therefore essential whether smooth cells, because possible vasoprotective potential.Concerning translational implications, authors improvement functional measures after transplantation was exist rodents neonates; however, 2009, multiple retrospective studies using data collected 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography identified adult humans opened way consider therapeutic tool treat dysregulation obesity. preclinical have indeed shown improves metabolism, sensitivity, decreases adiposity.14 clinical relevance animal augmented demonstration beige adipocytes transplanted into mice improve metabolism reduce adiposity similarly whole transplantation.14 Beige brite (brown-in-white) found interspersed depots, browning could promising alternative approach; discrepancies modulation2 make approach challenging.Could targeting bioavailability (eg, modulating biosynthesis degradation) rational prevent complications obesity? More needed clarify upstream downstream pathways synthesis metabolism. Similarly, imaging potentially reveal new biomarkers prognostic value cardiometabolic diseases. However, contrary easy assessment inflammatory status standard computed tomography,15 challenging given difficult locate noninvasively volume often falls below detection limits tests tomography.Overall, concept organ relatively humans; provides implying heart. Given health, lays foundation establishing batokines targets diagnostic tools diseases.Sources FundingProf supported British Foundation (grants FS/16/15/32047 TG/16/3/32687) National Institute Health Research Biomedical Center.Disclosures Prof founder shareholder Caristo Diagnostics, image spinout company Oxford. Dr no conflicts declare.FootnotesThe opinions expressed necessarily those editors American Association.https://www.ahajournals.org/journal/circCharalambos protected]ox.ac.ukReferences1. 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